The seven sacraments · Question 5.1
“Does receiving the Anointing of the Sick mean you are about to die?”

Anointing of the Sick — strength and comfort in the middle of pain
The Church's answer: The anointing is not a ‘death sentence’ pronounced just before the end. You can receive it when serious illness or the frailty of age is making life hard, or when you are facing major surgery that puts you in a dangerous condition. When death is near it can, together with confession and Viaticum, become preparation for dying — but from beginning to end the purpose of the sacrament is to hold the sick person up in Christ.
If they press further: “Should we put off calling the priest to the very end, so the family isn't frightened?” — Better to ask early, in fact, while the person is conscious and can pray with you. Hiding the sacrament as though it were an omen of death can cost the patient the comfort and the participation they would have had.
In one sentence: “The Anointing of the Sick isn't a rite announcing death — it's the sacrament of receiving Christ's strength and his company in serious illness and old age.”