The Commandments and moral life · Question 6

If the goal is good, isn't a lie or a bad method all right?

Watercolor of a lamb carrying a basket of care and choosing the sound path

The question: “If a lot of people end up helped, can't you look the other way at a small evil along the way?”

The Church's answer: To weigh the morality of a human act you look together at what was chosen, what end it was for, and what the circumstances and the consequences are. A good intention matters, but by itself it doesn't turn every means into a good one. Sacrificing an innocent person, or pinning a crime on someone with false testimony, cannot be justified as being “for a greater good.” We must not do evil in order to produce a good result.

The other way round, an action that looks good is morally damaged when it is done with a bad intention — hogging the credit, or manipulating someone. Circumstances and expected consequences can increase or reduce responsibility and the weight of an act, but they never turn a choice that is evil in itself into a good one. In a real dilemma, rather than concluding too quickly that “both are bad, so nothing can be done,” you have to look for another, legitimate way of reaching the good end.

If they press further: “When the truth would hurt somebody, do I still have to tell everything?” — the duty not to lie does not mean everyone has a right to every truth. Weigh the legitimate duties of privacy, safety, and confidentiality; you may keep silent, or answer with discretion. In complicated cases — a dangerous person asking where a victim is, say — secure safety first and get help from a trusted adult and from professionals.

In one sentence: “A good end doesn't make a bad means good. Look together at what you did, why you did it, and what the circumstances and the results are — and for a good end, find a legitimate way.”